Everest: A Peak of Biodiversity
September 2022
National Geographic

Introduction
Did you know Mount Everest is more than just snow and ice? In 2019, a team of intrepid scientists discovered it's buzzing with life, from microscopic critters that could survive in space to fluttering butterflies. Trekking around the glacier's base, they found a whopping 16% of Earth's taxonomic orders right there! This fascinating study by the Wildlife Conservation Society, published in iScience and supported by National Geographic, reveals the unexpected biodiversity of the world's highest peak. Dive into this chilly adventure and uncover the secrets of Everest's hidden inhabitants.
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Scaling the Peaks of Biodiversity
Imagine standing on a glacier, the ground beneath you alive with the deep, resonant sounds of shifting ice. This isn't just any glacier, but one at the base of Mount Everest, the tallest peak in the world. Here, amidst the harsh conditions of subzero temperatures and limited oxygen, life thrives in unexpected abundance. The discovery that 16% of Earth's taxonomic orders can be found on just the southern flank of Mount Everest challenges our understanding of life in extreme environments. This revelation is not just about the thrill of discovery; it underscores the resilience of life and the importance of preserving biodiversity in even the most inhospitable places. For you, this could be a call to adventure, an invitation to explore the limits of life on Earth, and perhaps, to consider your role in protecting these fragile ecosystems.
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Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. It includes the range of organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals.

Taxonomic orders
A category for classifying organisms, ranking above families and genera but below classes and phyla. It helps scientists understand how different life forms are related.

Environmental DNA (eDNA)
Genetic material obtained directly from environmental samples (soil, water, air) without capturing the organisms. It can be used to identify species present in an area.

Baseline data
Initial set of data used for comparison with future data, to track changes over time. In the context of biodiversity, it helps in monitoring how species populations evolve.

Climate change
A change in global or regional climate patterns, often caused by human activities. It poses a threat to biodiversity by altering habitats and the availability of resources.

High-alpine zone
A mountainous region located above the tree line, characterized by harsh conditions such as low temperatures and limited oxygen, suitable for only the hardiest of species.
Independent Research Ideas

Exploring the microcosms of Mount Everest
Investigate the microorganisms found in the high-alpine zones of Mount Everest. Focus on how these organisms adapt to extreme conditions and what they tell us about the potential for life in similar environments on other planets.

The impact of human activity on Everest's ecosystems
Analyze the effects of tourism and climbing expeditions on the biodiversity of Mount Everest. This could involve studying waste management practices at base camps and their effects on local wildlife and plant life.

Climate change and high mountain biodiversity
Examine how changing climate conditions affect the species living on Mount Everest. This study could compare current biodiversity data with future observations to document shifts in species distribution and abundance.

The role of eDNA in monitoring biodiversity
Investigate the effectiveness of environmental DNA in tracking biodiversity changes in extreme environments like Mount Everest. This could include comparing eDNA results with traditional biodiversity monitoring methods.

Interdisciplinary approaches to studying mountain ecosystems
Develop a project that combines elements of geography, biology, and environmental science to create a comprehensive understanding of mountain ecosystems, using Mount Everest as a case study. This could explore how physical geography influences biodiversity and how organisms adapt to their environments.
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