Magnets: Powering Tomorrow, Sustainably

January 2024
MIT Technology Review

Magnets: Powering Tomorrow, Sustainably

Introduction

Dive into the magnetic world with MIT Technology Review's latest scoop on how a startup's breakthrough could turbocharge our fight against climate change. Discover how iron nitride, a material from the '50s, is making a comeback to potentially solve the looming shortage of rare earth metals needed for everything from vacuum cleaners to electric vehicles. Get ready for a twist on magnets that could power up the future without draining the planet!

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Why It Matters

Discover how this topic shapes your world and future

Magnets, Motors, and a Greener Tomorrow

Imagine the motor in your vacuum cleaner or the one powering the family car. Both devices, though vastly different in use, share a common heartbeat: powerful permanent magnets. These aren't your average fridge magnets but sophisticated components made from rare earth metals, driving everything from electric vehicles (EVs) to wind turbines. As the world shifts towards cleaner energy, the demand for these metals is surging, pushing us towards a potential shortage. This scenario isn't just about gadgets and vehicles; it's a puzzle piece in the larger picture of climate action. A Minnesota startup, Niron Magnetics, is on a quest to solve this with iron nitride, a material that could revolutionize how we make magnets, steering us away from rare earth metals and towards a more sustainable future. This topic isn't just a tale of innovation; it's a story about how science directly impacts our efforts to combat climate change, making it a thrilling exploration for anyone curious about the future of technology and our planet.

Speak like a Scholar

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Permanent Magnets

Objects that produce their own persistent magnetic field without needing an electric current.

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Rare Earth Metals

A group of 17 elements used in the manufacture of high-powered magnets, among other applications, known for their strong magnetic properties.

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Iron Nitride

A magnetic material derived from iron and nitrogen, offering a potential alternative to rare earth metals for making strong magnets.

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Mega-gauss-oersteds (MGOe)

A unit of measure for the energy density of a magnet, indicating how much magnetic energy is stored.

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Electrons

Subatomic particles with a negative charge, orbiting the nucleus of an atom, and playing a key role in electricity and magnetism.

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Energy Transition

The global shift from fossil-based systems of energy production and consumption — including oil, natural gas, and coal — to renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydro.

Independent Research Ideas

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The Role of Magnets in Renewable Energy Technologies

Explore how advancements in magnet technology could enhance the efficiency and accessibility of renewable energy solutions, such as wind turbines and solar panels.

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Sustainable Alternatives to Rare Earth Metals

Investigate the environmental and economic benefits of developing and utilizing alternative materials like iron nitride in various technologies.

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The Future of Electric Vehicles Without Rare Earth Metals

Analyze the potential impacts on the EV industry if the transition away from rare earth metals in motor manufacturing becomes widespread.

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Global Supply Chains for Magnet Production

Examine the geopolitical and environmental implications of rare earth metal mining and the potential shifts resulting from new magnet materials.

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Recycling and Reusing Magnets in Technology

Delve into the processes, challenges, and benefits of recycling rare earth metals and magnets, contributing to a more sustainable tech industry.